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Digital RPM indicator

I made a circuit for RPM measurement based on an Atmel ATtiny24 to drive a Hitachi 44780 parallel interface character LCD. It uses an external interrupt request and INT0 to calculate the elapsed time between high/low transitions on the INT0 pin. The elapsed time is then converted to RPM and sent to the LCD. The code will work from RPM values up to 999, and a variable timeout is used for a low cutoff to display 0RPM. The RPM range could be extended to 9,999 or higher by modifying the decimal to BCD routine at the end of the program.

Here is the source code, it compiles with AVR Studio and AVR-GCC.
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#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

#define F_CPU 	1000000;	// 1MHz

volatile unsigned long RPM=0;	// Global RPM variable

void initLCD(void);
void lcd_write_byte(unsigned int CONTROL, unsigned int DATA);
void updateLCD(unsigned long RPM_OLD);
void check_BF(void);

void main(void)
{
TCCR1B=(1<<CS10)|(1<<CS12);	// Set up prescaler for CLK/1024
GIMSK=(1<<INT0);		// Enable external interrupt INT0
MCUCR=(1<<ISC00)|(1<<ISC01);    // Setup INT0 for rising edge detection

unsigned long RPM_OLD=1;	// Internal loop RPM variable

DDRB=0x00;			// Set PB2 for input

initLCD();			// Initialize the LCD

sei();				// Enable interrupts

while(1)
{
if((RPM != RPM_OLD) & (TCNT1 < 4000))
{
RPM_OLD=RPM;		// If new updated RPM value is not the same
updateLCD(RPM_OLD);	// as the one inside the loop, update the LCD.
}

if(TCNT1 >= 4000)	// If it's been longer than 4 seconds, RPM=0.
{
RPM=0;
if (RPM != RPM_OLD)
{
RPM_OLD=RPM;		// If new updated RPM value is not the same
updateLCD(RPM_OLD);	// as the one inside the loop, update the LCD.
}
}
}
}

ISR(EXT_INT0_vect)	// External interrupt on PB2
{
unsigned long ELAPSED;

if(TCNT1 < 4000)	// If Timer1 value is valid:
{
ELAPSED=TCNT1;		// Get Timer1 value before it changes much
TCNT1=0;		// Reset Timer1
RPM=(58594/ELAPSED);	// Calculate RPM based on Timer1 elapsed time
}

if(TCNT1 >= 4000)	// If Timer1 overflowed, value is no good.
{
TCNT1=0;		// Reset Timer1
}
}

void initLCD()
{
DDRA=0xFF;			// Set PortA for output
_delay_ms(250);			// Wait for HD44780
PORTA=0x04;			// Intialize to 4 Bit, one line
PORTA |= 0x10;
_delay_ms(1);
PORTA &= ~0x10;
_delay_ms(10);			// Intialize to 4 Bit, one line
PORTA |= 0x10;
_delay_ms(1);
PORTA &= ~0x10;
_delay_ms(10);			// Intialize to 4 Bit, one line
PORTA |= 0x10;
_delay_ms(1);
PORTA &= ~0x10;
_delay_ms(10);
lcd_write_byte(0,0x0C);		// Turn on display
lcd_write_byte(0,0x06);		// Increment by one after write

}

void lcd_write_byte(unsigned int CONTROL, unsigned int DATA)
{
// check_BF();

if(CONTROL == 1) PORTA |= 0x20; else PORTA &= ~0x20;
if((DATA & 0x80) == 0x80) PORTA |= 0x01; else PORTA &= ~0x01;
if((DATA & 0x40) == 0x40) PORTA |= 0x02; else PORTA &= ~0x02;
if((DATA & 0x20) == 0x20) PORTA |= 0x04; else PORTA &= ~0x04;
if((DATA & 0x10) == 0x10) PORTA |= 0x08; else PORTA &= ~0x08;
PORTA |= 0x10;
_delay_us(1);
PORTA &= ~0x10;

if((DATA & 0x08) == 0x08) PORTA |= 0x01; else PORTA &= ~0x01;
if((DATA & 0x04) == 0x04) PORTA |= 0x02; else PORTA &= ~0x02;
if((DATA & 0x02) == 0x02) PORTA |= 0x04; else PORTA &= ~0x04;
if((DATA & 0x01) == 0x01) PORTA |= 0x08; else PORTA &= ~0x08;
PORTA |= 0x10;
_delay_us(1);
PORTA &= ~0x10;
_delay_ms(4);
}

void updateLCD(unsigned long RPM_OLD)
{
unsigned long RPM_BCD=((((RPM_OLD/10)+((RPM_OLD/100)*6))*16)+(RPM_OLD%10));

unsigned int ONES = 0x00;
unsigned int TENS = 0x00;
unsigned int HUND = 0x00;

if((RPM_BCD & 0x0800) == 0x0800) HUND |= 0x08; else HUND &= ~0x08;
if((RPM_BCD & 0x0400) == 0x0400) HUND |= 0x04; else HUND &= ~0x04;
if((RPM_BCD & 0x0200) == 0x0200) HUND |= 0x02; else HUND &= ~0x02;
if((RPM_BCD & 0x0100) == 0x0100) HUND |= 0x01; else HUND &= ~0x01;

if((RPM_BCD & 0x0080) == 0x0080) TENS |= 0x08; else TENS &= ~0x08;
if((RPM_BCD & 0x0040) == 0x0040) TENS |= 0x04; else TENS &= ~0x04;
if((RPM_BCD & 0x0020) == 0x0020) TENS |= 0x02; else TENS &= ~0x02;
if((RPM_BCD & 0x0010) == 0x0010) TENS |= 0x01; else TENS &= ~0x01;

if((RPM_BCD & 0x0008) == 0x0008) ONES |= 0x08; else ONES &= ~0x08;
if((RPM_BCD & 0x0004) == 0x0004) ONES |= 0x04; else ONES &= ~0x04;
if((RPM_BCD & 0x0002) == 0x0002) ONES |= 0x02; else ONES &= ~0x02;
if((RPM_BCD & 0x0001) == 0x0001) ONES |= 0x01; else ONES &= ~0x01;

ONES |= 0x30;
TENS |= 0x30;
HUND |= 0x30;

lcd_write_byte(0x00, 0x01);
lcd_write_byte(0x01, 0x20);
lcd_write_byte(0x01, HUND);
lcd_write_byte(0x01, TENS);
lcd_write_byte(0x01, ONES);
lcd_write_byte(0x01, 0x20);
lcd_write_byte(0x01, 0x52);
lcd_write_byte(0x01, 0x50);
lcd_write_byte(0x01, 0x4D);

}

void check_BF(void)
{
DDRA = 0xF0;  // Set PortA 4-7 (R/W, RS, E) to output, 0-3 (DBx) for input
PORTA &= ~0x20;			// Clear register select
PORTA |= 0x40;			// Set read
PORTA |= 0x10;			// Set enable
_delay_us(1);

while((PA0 & 0x01) == 0x01)	// Read DB7 of LCD (busy flag)
{
PORTA &= ~0x10;			// Clear enable
_delay_us(1);
PORTA |= 0x10;			// Set enable
_delay_us(1);
PORTA &= ~0x10;			// Clear enable
_delay_us(1);
PORTA |= 0x10;			// Set enable
_delay_us(1);
}

PORTA &= ~0x10;			// Clear enable
_delay_us(1);
PORTA |= 0x10;			// Set enable
_delay_us(1);
PORTA &= ~0x10;			// Clear enable
PORTA &= ~0x40;			// Clear read
DDRA = 0xFF;			// Set for output

}

Tags: ATtiny, AVR, C, LCD, RPM